The TMJ is the temporomandibular joint. However the TMJ abbreviation is often used for temporomandibular joint dysfunctions or disorders (TMD is also used).

So far one specific cause has not been discovered. The most common causes are injury, biting habits, genetics and problems with your muscles, nerves and ligaments can lead to TMD.

Most of the time by simply jiggling or self manipulation they can release your jaw. If this doesn’t help they will have to get help by going to the nearest A&E or clinic where they can reverse the effect.

There isn’t a distinct value as it changes for each person. However a good test of jaw movement is opening your mouth as wide as you can and if you can place at least 3 fingers perpendicularly between your teeth without pain then you have normal range of movement.

Due to the fact that there is no speciality for TMD it is best to get a wide view on the condition, so patients are encouraged to see multiple healthcare providers. However it is important that they are informed on the subject.

As yet there is no strong evidence showing that TMD is inherited. There is a very wide range of what can be called a normal TMJ and therefore it is hard to individually identify inheritable characteristics that could lead to TMD.

In relative terms there is very little research going on into TMDs and related disorders. However many associations are working towards increasing the interest and therefore research in this field.